Which of the following is an example of hygiene factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

• A. Salary
• B. Achievement
• C. Recognition
• D. Advancement

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is how Herzberg separates factors into hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors are external aspects of the job that prevent dissatisfaction but don’t by themselves create long-term motivation. Motivators are intrinsic to the work and drive genuine motivation when present.

Salary fits as a hygiene factor because pay guards against dissatisfaction; when pay is fair or adequate, it reduces discontent, but simply increasing pay doesn’t automatically boost ongoing motivation or satisfaction with the job.

The other options are examples of motivators: they relate to the nature of the work, growth, and recognition, which heighten satisfaction and motivation when present, rather than primarily preventing dissatisfaction.